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RTCDataChannel interface represents a network channel which can be used for bidirectional peer-to-peer transfers of arbitrary data. Every data channel is associated with an RTCPeerConnection , and each peer connection can have up to a theoretical maximum of 65,534 data channels (the actual limit may vary from browser to browser).

To create a data channel and ask a remote peer to join you, call the RTCPeerConnection 's createDataChannel() method. The peer being invited to exchange data receives a datachannel event (which has type RTCDataChannelEvent ) to let it know the data channel has been added to the connection.

特性

Also inherits properties from: EventTarget

binaryType
The property binaryType 在 RTCDataChannel 接口是 DOMString which specifies the type of JavaScript object which should be used to represent binary data received on the RTCDataChannel . Values allowed by the WebSocket.binaryType property are also permitted here: "blob" if Blob objects are being used or "arraybuffer" if ArrayBuffer objects are being used. The default is "blob" .
bufferedAmount 只读
只读 RTCDataChannel property bufferedAmount returns the number of bytes of data currently queued to be sent over the data channel.
bufferedAmountLowThreshold
RTCDataChannel property bufferedAmountLowThreshold is used to specify the number of bytes of buffered outgoing data that is considered "low." The default value is 0.
id 只读
只读 RTCDataChannel property id returns an ID number (between 0 and 65,534) which uniquely identifies the RTCDataChannel .
label 只读
只读 RTCDataChannel property label 返回 DOMString containing a name describing the data channel. These labels are not required to be unique.
maxPacketLifeTime 只读
只读 RTCDataChannel property maxPacketLifeTime returns the amount of time, in milliseconds, the browser is allowed to take to attempt to transmit a message, as set when the data channel was created, or null .
maxRetransmits 只读
只读 RTCDataChannel property maxRetransmits returns the maximum number of times the browser should try to retransmit a message before giving up, as set when the data channel was created, or null , which indicates that there is no maximum.
negotiated 只读
只读 RTCDataChannel property negotiated indicates whether the RTCDataChannel 's connection was negotiated by the Web app ( true ) or by the WebRTC layer ( false ).
ordered 只读
只读 RTCDataChannel property ordered indicates whether or not the data channel guarantees in-order delivery of messages; the default is true , which indicates that the data channel is indeed ordered.
协议 只读
只读 RTCDataChannel property 协议 返回 DOMString containing the name of the subprotocol in use. If no protocol was specified when the data channel was created, then this property's value is "" (the empty string).
readyState 只读
只读 RTCDataChannel property readyState returns an enum of type RTCDataChannelState which indicates the state of the data channel's underlying data connection.
reliable 只读
只读 RTCDataChannel property reliable indicates whether or not the data channel is reliable.
stream 只读
The deprecated (and never part of the official specification) read-only RTCDataChannel property stream returns an ID number (between 0 and 65,535) which uniquely identifies the RTCDataChannel .

事件处理程序

Also inherits event handlers from: EventTarget

onbufferedamountlow
RTCDataChannel.onbufferedamountlow property is an EventHandler which specifies a function the browser calls when the bufferedamountlow event is sent to the RTCDataChannel . This event, which is represented by a simple 事件 object, is sent when the amount of data buffered to be sent falls to or below the threshold specified by the channel's bufferedAmountLowThreshold .
onclose
RTCDataChannel.onclose property is an EventHandler which specifies a function to be called by the browser when the close event is received by the RTCDataChannel . This is a simple 事件 which indicates that the data channel has closed down.
onclosing
RTCDataChannel.onclosing property is an EventHandler which specifies a function to be called by the browser when the closing event is received by the RTCDataChannel . This is a simple 事件 which indicates that the data channel is being closed, that is, RTCDataChannel transitions to "closing" state. For example, after RTCDataChannel.close() was called but the underlying data transport might not have been closed yet.
onerror
RTCDataChannel.onerror property is an EventHandler which specifies a function to be called when the error event is received. When an error occurs on the data channel, the function receives as input an ErrorEvent object describing the error which occurred.
onmessage
RTCDataChannel.onmessage property stores an EventHandler which specifies a function to be called when the message event is fired on the channel. This event is represented by the MessageEvent interface. This event is sent to the channel when a message is received from the other peer.
onopen
RTCDataChannel.onopen property is an EventHandler which specifies a function to be called when the open event is fired; this is a simple 事件 which is sent when the data channel's underlying data transport—the link over which the RTCDataChannel 's messages flow—is established or re-established.

方法

Also inherits methods from: EventTarget

close()
RTCDataChannel.close() method closes the RTCDataChannel . Either peer is permitted to call this method to initiate closure of the channel.
send()
send() 方法在 RTCDataChannel interface sends data across the data channel to the remote peer.

事件

bufferedamountlow
Sent to the channel's onbufferedamountlow event handler when the number of bytes of data in the outgoing data buffer falls below the value specified by bufferedAmountLowThreshold .
close
Sent to the onclose event handler when the underlying data transport closes.
error
Sent to the onerror event handler when an error occurs on the data channel.
message
Sent to the onmessage event handler when a message has been received from the remote peer. The message contents can be found in the event's data 特性。
open
Sent to the onopen event handler when the data channel is first opened, or when an existing data channel's underlying connection re-opens.

Data format

The underlying data format is defined by the IEEE draft specification draft-ietf-mmusic-sctp-sdp . The current format specifies its protocol as either "UDP/DTLS/SCTP" (UDP carrying DTLS carrying SCTP) or "TCP/DTLS/SCTP" (TCP carrying DTLS carrying SCTP). Older browsers may only specify "DTLS/SCTP" .

范例 

var pc = new RTCPeerConnection();
var dc = pc.createDataChannel("my channel");
dc.onmessage = function (event) {
  console.log("received: " + event.data);
};
dc.onopen = function () {
  console.log("datachannel open");
};
dc.onclose = function () {
  console.log("datachannel close");
};

规范

规范 状态 注释
WebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between Browsers
The definition of 'RTCDataChannel' in that specification. 		候选推荐 最初的规范。

浏览器兼容性

The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request. 更新 GitHub 上的兼容性数据
桌面 移动
Chrome Edge Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari Android webview Chrome for Android Firefox for Android Opera for Android Safari on iOS Samsung Internet
RTCDataChannel Chrome Yes Edge ≤79 Firefox 24
24
不支持 18 — 60 Alternate Name
Alternate Name Uses the non-standard name: DataChannel
IE No Opera Yes Safari Yes WebView Android 4.4 Chrome Android 29 Firefox Android 24
24
不支持 18 — 60 Alternate Name
Alternate Name Uses the non-standard name: DataChannel
Opera Android Yes Safari iOS Yes Samsung Internet Android 2.0
binaryType Chrome Yes Edge ≤79 Firefox 18 IE No Opera Yes Safari Yes WebView Android 4.4 Chrome Android 29 Firefox Android 18 Opera Android Yes Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 2.0
bufferedAmount Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox 18 IE No Opera 43 Safari Yes WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android 18 Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
bufferedamountlow event Chrome 57
57
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
Edge ≤79
≤79
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
Firefox Yes IE No Opera 44
44
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
Safari Yes WebView Android 57
57
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
Chrome Android 57
57
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43
43
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 7.0
7.0
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
bufferedAmountLowThreshold Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari Yes WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android No Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
close Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari No WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
close event Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari ? WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
error event Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari ? WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
id Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox No IE No Opera 43 Safari No WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android No Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
label Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari No WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
maxPacketLifeTime Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox 62 IE No Opera 43 Safari No WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android 62 Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
maxRetransmits Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox 62 IE No Opera 43 Safari No WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android 62 Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
message event Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari Yes WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43 Safari iOS Yes Samsung Internet Android 6.0
negotiated Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox 68 IE No Opera 43 Safari No WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android 68 Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
onbufferedamountlow Chrome 57
57
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
Edge ≤79
≤79
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
Firefox Yes IE No Opera 44
44
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
Safari Yes WebView Android 57
57
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
Chrome Android 57
57
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43
43
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 7.0
7.0
默认为 rtcpMuxPolicy is require .
onclose Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari No WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
onclosing Chrome 81 Edge 81 Firefox No IE No Opera 68 Safari No WebView Android 81 Chrome Android 81 Firefox Android No Opera Android ? Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android ?
onerror Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox No IE No Opera 43 Safari No WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android No Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
onmessage Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari Yes WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43 Safari iOS Yes Samsung Internet Android 6.0
onopen Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari Yes WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43 Safari iOS Yes Samsung Internet Android 6.0
open event Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari Yes WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43 Safari iOS Yes Samsung Internet Android 6.0
ordered Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari No WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
priority Chrome No Edge No Firefox ? IE No Opera ? Safari ? WebView Android No Chrome Android No Firefox Android ? Opera Android ? Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android No
协议 Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari No WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
readyState Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari No WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
reliable 弃用 Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox No IE No Opera 43 Safari No WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android No Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0
Support for sctp-sdp-21 format Chrome 58 Edge ≤79 Firefox 63 IE No Opera ? Safari No WebView Android 58 Chrome Android 58 Firefox Android 63 Opera Android ? Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 7.0
send Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox Yes IE No Opera 43 Safari Yes WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android Yes Opera Android 43 Safari iOS Yes Samsung Internet Android 6.0
stream 弃用 非标 Chrome 56 Edge ≤79 Firefox No IE No Opera 43 Safari No WebView Android 56 Chrome Android 56 Firefox Android No Opera Android 43 Safari iOS No Samsung Internet Android 6.0

图例

完整支持

完整支持

不支持

不支持

兼容性未知 ?

兼容性未知

实验。期望将来行为有所改变。

实验。期望将来行为有所改变。

非标。预期跨浏览器支持较差。

非标。预期跨浏览器支持较差。

弃用。不要用于新网站。

弃用。不要用于新网站。

见实现注意事项。

使用非标名称。

另请参阅

元数据

  • 最后修改：
  1. WebRTC API
  2. RTCDataChannel
  3. 特性
    1. binaryType
    2. bufferedAmount
    3. bufferedAmountLowThreshold
    4. id
    5. label
    6. maxPacketLifeTime
    7. maxRetransmits
    8. negotiated
    9. onbufferedamountlow
    10. onclose
    11. onclosing
    12. onerror
    13. onmessage
    14. onopen
    15. ordered
    16. 协议
    17. readyState
    18. reliable
    19. stream
  4. 方法
    1. close()
    2. send()
  5. 继承：
    1. EventTarget
  6. Related pages for WebRTC
    1. MediaDevices.getUserMedia()
    2. Navigator.mediaDevices
    3. RTCCertificate
    4. RTCDTMFSender
    5. RTCDTMFToneChangeEvent
    6. RTCDataChannelEvent
    7. RTCDtlsTransport
    8. RTCErrorEvent
    9. RTCIceCandidate
    10. RTCIceTransport
    11. RTCPeerConnection
    12. RTCPeerConnectionIceErrorEvent
    13. RTCPeerConnectionIceEvent
    14. RTCRtpReceiver
    15. RTCRtpSender
    16. RTCRtpTransceiver
    17. RTCSctpTransport
    18. RTCSessionDescription
    19. RTCStatsReport
    20. RTCTrackEvent

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