HTMLImageElement.alt

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句法
用法注意事项
范例
规范
浏览器兼容性
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HTMLImageElement property alt provides fallback (alternate) text to display when the image specified by the <img> element is not loaded. This may be the case because of an error, because the user has disabled the loading of images, or because the image simply hasn't finished loading yet.

Perhaps the most important reason to use the alt tag is to support accessibility , as the alt text may be used by screen readers and other assistive technologies to help differently-abled users make full use of your content. It will be read aloud or sent to the touch device, for example, to support visually impaired users.

Think of it like this: When choosing alt strings for your images, imagine what you would say when reading the page to someone over the phone without mentioning that there's an image on the page.

The alternate text is displayed in the space the image would occupy and should be able to take the place of the image without altering the meaning of the page .

句法

htmlImageElement.alt = altText;
let altText = htmlImageElement.alt;

值

A DOMString which contains the alternate text to display when the image is not loaded or for use by assistive devices.

alt attribute is officially mandatory; it's meant to always be specified. If the image doesn't require a fallback (such as for an image which is simply decorative or an advisory icon of minimal importance), you may specify an empty string ( "" ). For compatibility reasons, browsers generally will accept an image without an alt attribute, but you should try to get into the habit of using it.

用法注意事项

The fundamental guideline for the alt attribute is that every image's alternate text should be able to replace the image without altering the meaning of the page . You should never use alt for text that could be construed as a caption or title. There are separate attributes and elements designed for those purposes.

范例

Beyond that, there are additional guidelines for using alt appropriately which vary depending on what the image is being used for. These are shown in the examples below.

Decorative images

Images with no semantic meaning—such as those which are solely decorative—or of limited informational value, should have their alt attributes set to the empty string ( "" ). This is shown in the example below.

HTML

In the HTML for this example, shown below, the <img> element includes the alt property, which will prevent the image from having any alternate text, since it's simply a decorational detail.

<div class="container">
  <div class="left-margin">
    <img src="/files/16861/margin-flourish.svg" >
  </div>
  <div class="contents">
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
    elit. Quisque quis orci ligula. Lorem ipsum dolor sit
    amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In ac neque libero.
    Vivamus consectetur rhoncus elit eget porta. Etiam
    pulvinar ex id sapien laoreet, quis aliquet odio
    lobortis. Nam ac mauris at risus laoreet cursus vitae et
    sapien. Etiam molestie auctor eros, ac porta risus
    scelerisque sit amet. Ut nunc neque, porta eu auctor at,
    tempor et arcu.</p>
  </div>
</div>

CSS

The CSS for this example simply sets up the styles for the layout as shown in the result below. They're not crucial to the concept shown in the HTML above, but you may expand the view below if you wish to read the CSS used.

View the CSS

Editors: If you change the CSS below, please be sure to close the details box using the toggle at the top of the CSS view before saving. Otherwise, readers will find it open by default, which is not the intent here.

body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
p {
  margin-block-start: 0;
  margin-block-end: 1em;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 1em;
}
.container {
  width: 100vh;
  height: 95vh;
  font: 16px Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
}
.left-margin {
  background-color: rgb(241, 240, 237, 255);
  width: 9em;
  height: 100%;
  float: left;
  margin-right: 5px;
  padding-right: 1em;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.left-margin img {
  width: 6em;
}
.contents {
  background-color: rgb(241, 240, 235, 255);
  height: 100%;
  margin-left: 2em;
  padding-top: 1em;
  padding-left: 2em;
  padding-right: 1em;
}

结果

Images used as buttons

When using an image as a button (by using it as the only visible child of an <a> element representing a hyperlink), the alt attribute must be used to convey the purpose of the button. In other words, it should be the same text you would use in a textual button to serve the same purpose.

For example, in the snippet of HTML below, a toolbar which uses icon images as link labels provides alt attributes for each giving a textual label to use instead of the icon when the icons cannot be or are intentionally not used.

<li class="toolbar" aria-role="toolbar">
  <a href="songs.html" aria-role="button"><img src="songicon.svg" alt="Songs"</a>
  <a href="albums.html" aria-role="button"><img src="albumicon.svg" alt="Albums"</a>
  <a href="artists.html" aria-role="button"><img src="artisticon.svg" alt="Artists"</a>
  <a href="playlists.html" aria-role="button"><img src="playlisticon.svg" alt="Playlists"</a>
</li>

Images containining diagrams or maps

When an image contains information presented as a diagram, chart, graph, or map, the alt text should provide the same information, at least in summary form. This is true whether the /me image is in a bitmapped format such as PNG or JPEG or in a vector format like SVG .

For a map, the alt text could be directions to the place indicated by the map, similarly to how you would explain it verbally.
For a chart, the text could describe the items in the chart and their values.
For a diagram, the text could be an explanation of the concept presented by the diagram.

Keep in mind that any text included in diagrams and charts presented in SVG format may be read by screen readers. This may impact the decisions you make shen writing the alt text for the diagram.

Icons or logos

Logos (such as corporate or brand logos) and informational icons should use the corresponding text in their alt strings. That is, if an image is a corporate logo, the alt text should be the name of the company. If the image is an icon representing a status or other information, the text should be the name of that state.

For example, if an image is a badge that's shown on a page to indicate that the content of the page is new and has been updated recently, the corresponding alt text might be " Updated Recently" or even " Updated on 27 August 2019" .

In this example, a starburst image with the word "New!" is used to indicate that an article is about something new (and probably supposedly also exciting). The alt attribute is set to New Page! to allow that text to be displayed in place of the image if the image isn't available. It is also available to be read by screen readers.

HTML

The HTML below creates a snippet of content from a site using the described icon. Note the use of the alt 属性在 <<img>> , providing a good substitution string to use in case the image doesn't load.

<div class="container">
  <img src="https://www.bitstampede.com/mdn-test/new-page.svg"
       alt="New Page!" class="pageinfo-badge">
  <p class="contents">
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
    elit. Quisque quis orci ligula. Lorem ipsum dolor sit
    amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In ac neque libero.
    Vivamus consectetur rhoncus elit eget porta. Etiam
    pulvinar ex id sapien laoreet, quis aliquet odio
    lobortis. Nam ac mauris at risus laoreet cursus vitae et
    sapien. Etiam molestie auctor eros, ac porta risus
    scelerisque sit amet. Ut nunc neque, porta eu auctor at,
    tempor et arcu.
  </p>
</div>

CSS

The main feature of the CSS here is the use of clip-path and shape-outside to wrap the text around the icon in an appealing way.

.container {
  max-width: 500px;
}
.pageinfo-badge {
  width: 9em;
  padding-right: 1em;
  float: left;
  clip-path: polygon(100% 0, 100% 50%, 90% 70%, 80% 80%,
             70% 90%, 50% 100%, 0 100%, 0 0);
  shape-outside: polygon(100% 0, 100% 50%, 90% 70%, 80% 80%,
             70% 90%, 50% 100%, 0 100%, 0 0);
}
.contents {
  margin-top: 1em;
  font: 16px Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;
}

结果

Other images

Images simply showing objects or scenes should have alt text describing what's seen in the image. A photo of a yellow teapot might literally have its alt attribute set to " A yellow teapot" .

规范

规范	状态	注释
HTML 实时标准 The definition of 'HTMLImageElement.alt' in that specification.	未知

浏览器兼容性

The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request. 更新 GitHub 上的兼容性数据

	桌面						移动
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	Android webview	Chrome for Android	Firefox for Android	Opera for Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet
`alt`	Chrome 1	Edge 12	Firefox Yes	IE ?	Opera Yes	Safari Yes	WebView Android Yes	Chrome Android Yes	Firefox Android Yes	Opera Android ?	Safari iOS Yes	Samsung Internet Android Yes

图例

完整支持
兼容性未知 ?

元数据

最后修改： Aug 28, 2019

在此页

句法

值

用法注意事项

范例

Decorative images

HTML

CSS

结果

Images used as buttons

Images containining diagrams or maps

Icons or logos

HTML

CSS

结果

Other images

规范

浏览器兼容性

图例

相关话题