在此页

• 描述
• 构造函数
• 静态方法
• 实例特性
• 实例方法
• 范例
• 规范
• 浏览器兼容性
• 另请参阅
• 相关话题

Error 对象被抛出当发生运行时错误时。 Error object can also be used as a base object for user-defined exceptions. See below for standard built-in error types.

描述

Runtime errors result in new Error objects being created and thrown.

错误类型

Besides the generic Error constructor, there are seven other core error constructors in JavaScript. For client-side exceptions, see Exception handling statements .

EvalError

Creates an instance representing an error that occurs regarding the global function eval() .

InternalError

Creates an instance representing an error that occurs when an internal error in the JavaScript engine is thrown. E.g. "too much recursion".

RangeError

Creates an instance representing an error that occurs when a numeric variable or parameter is outside of its valid range.

ReferenceError

Creates an instance representing an error that occurs when de-referencing an invalid reference.

SyntaxError

Creates an instance representing a syntax error.

TypeError

Creates an instance representing an error that occurs when a variable or parameter is not of a valid type.

URIError

Creates an instance representing an error that occurs when encodeURI() or decodeURI() are passed invalid parameters.

构造函数

Error()

创建新的 Error 对象。

静态方法

Error.captureStackTrace()

A non-standard V8 function that creates the stack property on an Error instance.

实例特性

Error.prototype.message

Error message.

Error.prototype.name

Error name.

Error.prototype.description

A non-standard Microsoft property for the error description. Similar to message .

Error.prototype.number

A non-standard Microsoft property for an error number.

Error.prototype.fileName

A non-standard Mozilla property for the path to the file that raised this error.

Error.prototype.lineNumber

A non-standard Mozilla property for the line number in the file that raised this error.

Error.prototype.columnNumber

A non-standard Mozilla property for the column number in the line that raised this error.

Error.prototype.stack

A non-standard Mozilla property for a stack trace.

实例方法

Error.prototype.toString()

Returns a string representing the specified object. Overrides the Object.prototype.toString() 方法。

范例

抛出一般错误

Usually you create an Error object with the intention of raising it using the throw keyword. You can handle the error using the try...catch construct:

try {
  throw new Error('Whoops!')
} catch (e) {
  console.error(e.name + ': ' + e.message)
}
					

处理特定错误

You can choose to handle only specific error types by testing the error type with the error's 构造函数 property or, if you're writing for modern JavaScript engines, instanceof keyword:

try {
  foo.bar()
} catch (e) {
  if (e instanceof EvalError) {
    console.error(e.name + ': ' + e.message)
  } else if (e instanceof RangeError) {
    console.error(e.name + ': ' + e.message)
  }
  // ... etc
}
					

自定义错误类型

You might want to define your own error types deriving from Error to be able to throw new MyError() and use instanceof MyError to check the kind of error in the exception handler.  This results in cleaner and more consistent error handling code.

见 "What's a good way to extend Error in JavaScript?" on StackOverflow for an in-depth discussion.

ES6 Custom Error Class

Versions of Babel prior to 7 can handle CustomError class methods, but only when they are declared with Object.defineProperty() . Otherwise, old versions of Babel and other transpilers will not correctly handle the following code without additional configuration .

Some browsers include the CustomError 构造函数在堆栈跟踪当使用 ES2015 类时。

class CustomError extends Error {
  constructor(foo = 'bar', ...params) {
    // Pass remaining arguments (including vendor specific ones) to parent constructor
    super(...params)
    // Maintains proper stack trace for where our error was thrown (only available on V8)
    if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
      Error.captureStackTrace(this, CustomError)
    }
    this.name = 'CustomError'
    // Custom debugging information
    this.foo = foo
    this.date = new Date()
  }
}
try {
  throw new CustomError('baz', 'bazMessage')
} catch(e) {
  console.error(e.name)    //CustomError
  console.error(e.foo)     //baz
  console.error(e.message) //bazMessage
  console.error(e.stack)   //stacktrace
}
					

ES5 自定义错误对象

所有 browsers include the CustomError constructor in the stack trace when using a prototypal declaration.

function CustomError(foo, message, fileName, lineNumber) {
  var instance = new Error(message, fileName, lineNumber);
  instance.name = 'CustomError';
  instance.foo = foo;
  Object.setPrototypeOf(instance, Object.getPrototypeOf(this));
  if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
    Error.captureStackTrace(instance, CustomError);
  }
  return instance;
}
CustomError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, {
  constructor: {
    value: Error,
    enumerable: false,
    writable: true,
    configurable: true
  }
});
if (Object.setPrototypeOf){
  Object.setPrototypeOf(CustomError, Error);
} else {
  CustomError.__proto__ = Error;
}
try {
  throw new CustomError('baz', 'bazMessage');
} catch(e){
  console.error(e.name); //CustomError
  console.error(e.foo); //baz
  console.error(e.message); //bazMessage
}
					

规范

规范
ECMAScript (ECMA-262) The definition of 'Error' in that specification.

浏览器兼容性

The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request. 更新 GitHub 上的兼容性数据

	Desktop						Mobile						Server
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	Android webview	Chrome for Android	Firefox for Android	Opera for Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet	Node.js
Error	Chrome 1	Edge 12	Firefox 1	IE 6	Opera 4	Safari 1	WebView Android 1	Chrome Android 18	Firefox Android 4	Opera Android 10.1	Safari iOS 1	Samsung Internet Android 1.0	nodejs 0.1.100
Error() 构造函数	Chrome 1	Edge 12	Firefox 1	IE 6	Opera 4	Safari 1	WebView Android 1	Chrome Android 18	Firefox Android 4	Opera Android 10.1	Safari iOS 1	Samsung Internet Android 1.0	nodejs 0.1.100
columnNumber 非标	Chrome No	Edge No	Firefox 1	IE No	Opera No	Safari No	WebView Android No	Chrome Android No	Firefox Android 4	Opera Android No	Safari iOS No	Samsung Internet Android No	nodejs No
fileName 非标	Chrome No	Edge No	Firefox 1	IE No	Opera No	Safari No	WebView Android No	Chrome Android No	Firefox Android 4	Opera Android No	Safari iOS No	Samsung Internet Android No	nodejs No
lineNumber 非标	Chrome No	Edge No	Firefox 1	IE No	Opera No	Safari No	WebView Android No	Chrome Android No	Firefox Android 4	Opera Android No	Safari iOS No	Samsung Internet Android No	nodejs No
message	Chrome 1	Edge 12	Firefox 1	IE 6	Opera 5	Safari 1	WebView Android 1	Chrome Android 18	Firefox Android 4	Opera Android 10.1	Safari iOS 1	Samsung Internet Android 1.0	nodejs 0.1.100
name	Chrome 1	Edge 12	Firefox 1	IE 6	Opera 4	Safari 1	WebView Android 1	Chrome Android 18	Firefox Android 4	Opera Android 10.1	Safari iOS 1	Samsung Internet Android 1.0	nodejs 0.1.100
stack 非标	Chrome 3	Edge 12	Firefox 1	IE 10	Opera 10.5	Safari 6	WebView Android ≤37	Chrome Android 18	Firefox Android 4	Opera Android 11	Safari iOS 6	Samsung Internet Android 1.0	nodejs 0.1.100
toSource 非标	Chrome No	Edge No	Firefox 1 — 74 1 — 74 Starting in Firefox 74, toSource() is no longer available for use by web content. It is still allowed for internal and privileged code.	IE No	Opera No	Safari No	WebView Android No	Chrome Android No	Firefox Android 4	Opera Android No	Safari iOS No	Samsung Internet Android No	nodejs No
toString	Chrome 1	Edge 12	Firefox 1	IE 6	Opera 4	Safari 1	WebView Android 1	Chrome Android 18	Firefox Android 4	Opera Android 10.1	Safari iOS 1	Samsung Internet Android 1.0	nodejs 0.1.100

图例

完整支持

完整支持

不支持

不支持

非标。预期跨浏览器支持较差。

见实现注意事项。

另请参阅

• throw
• try...catch

元数据

• 最后修改： May 8, 2020

相关话题

1. 标准内置对象
2. Error
3. 特性
   1. Error.prototype.columnNumber
   2. Error.prototype.fileName
   3. Error.prototype.lineNumber
   4. Error.prototype.message
   5. Error.prototype.name
   6. Error.prototype.stack
4. 方法
   1. Error.prototype.toSource()
   2. Error.prototype.toString()
5. 相关页面：
6. EvalError
7. InternalError
8. RangeError
9. ReferenceError
10. SyntaxError
11. TypeError
12. URIError
13. 继承：
14. Function
15. 特性
    1. Function.arguments
    2. Function.caller
    3. Function.displayName
    4. Function.length
    5. Function.name
16. 方法
    1. Function.prototype.apply()
    2. Function.prototype.bind()
    3. Function.prototype.call()
    4. Function.prototype.toSource()
    5. Function.prototype.toString()
17. Object
18. 特性
    1. Object.prototype.__proto__
    2. Object.prototype.constructor
19. 方法
    1. Object.prototype.__defineGetter__()
    2. Object.prototype.__defineSetter__()
    3. Object.prototype.__lookupGetter__()
    4. Object.prototype.__lookupSetter__()
    5. Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty()
    6. Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf()
    7. Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable()
    8. Object.prototype.toLocaleString()
    9. Object.prototype.toSource()
    10. Object.prototype.toString()
    11. Object.prototype.valueOf()
    12. Object.setPrototypeOf()