在此页

• 句法
• 范例
• 规范
• 浏览器兼容性
• 另请参阅
• 相关话题

The unary negation operator ( - ) precedes its operand and negates it.

The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request.

句法

Operator: -x
					

范例

Negating numbers

const x = 3;
const y = -x;
// y = -3
// x = 3
					

Negating non-numbers

The unary negation operator can convert a non-number into a number.

const x = "4";
const y = -x;
// y = -4
					

规范

规范
ECMAScript (ECMA-262) The definition of 'Unary negation operator' in that specification.

浏览器兼容性

The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request. 更新 GitHub 上的兼容性数据

	Desktop						Mobile						Server
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	Android webview	Chrome for Android	Firefox for Android	Opera for Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet	Node.js
Unary negation ( - )	Chrome 1	Edge 12	Firefox 1	IE 3	Opera 3	Safari 1	WebView Android 1	Chrome Android 18	Firefox Android 4	Opera Android 10.1	Safari iOS 1	Samsung Internet Android 1.0	nodejs 0.1.100

图例

完整支持

完整支持

另请参阅

• Addition operator
• Subtraction operator
• Division operator
• Multiplication operator
• Remainder operator
• Exponentiation operator
• 递增运算符
• Decrement operator
• Unary plus operator

元数据

• 最后修改： Jun 17, 2020

相关话题

1. JavaScript
2. 教程：
3. 完全初学者

   1. JavaScript 基础
   2. JavaScript 第一步
   3. JavaScript 构建块
   4. 引入 JavaScript 对象
4. JavaScript 指南

   1. 介绍
   2. 语法和类型
   3. 控制流程和错误处理
   4. 循环和迭代
   5. 函数
   6. 表达式和运算符
   7. 数字和日期
   8. 文本格式化
   9. 正则表达式
   10. 索引集合
   11. 键控集合
   12. Working with objects
   13. 对象模型的细节
   14. Using promises
   15. 迭代器和生成器
   16. Meta programming
   17. JavaScript 模块
5. 中间体

   1. Client-side JavaScript frameworks
   2. 客户端侧 Web API
   3. 重新介绍 JavaScript
   4. JavaScript 数据结构
   5. 相等比较和相同
   6. 闭包
6. 高级

   1. 继承和原型链
   2. 严格模式
   3. JavaScript 类型数组
   4. 内存管理
   5. 并发模型和事件循环
7. 参考：
8. 内置对象

   1. AggregateError
   2. Array
   3. ArrayBuffer
   4. AsyncFunction
   5. Atomics
   6. BigInt
   7. BigInt64Array
   8. BigUint64Array
   9. 布尔
   10. DataView
   11. Date
   12. Error
   13. EvalError
   14. FinalizationRegistry
   15. Float32Array
   16. Float64Array
   17. Function
   18. Generator
   19. GeneratorFunction
   20. Infinity
   21. Int16Array
   22. Int32Array
   23. Int8Array
   24. InternalError
   25. Intl
   26. JSON
   27. Map
   28. Math
   29. NaN
   30. Number
   31. Object
   32. Promise
   33. Proxy
   34. RangeError
   35. ReferenceError
   36. Reflect
   37. RegExp
   38. Set
   39. SharedArrayBuffer
   40. String
   41. Symbol
   42. SyntaxError
   43. TypeError
   44. TypedArray
   45. URIError
   46. Uint16Array
   47. Uint32Array
   48. Uint8Array
   49. Uint8ClampedArray
   50. WeakMap
   51. WeakRef
   52. WeakSet
   53. WebAssembly
   54. decodeURI()
   55. decodeURIComponent()
   56. encodeURI()
   57. encodeURIComponent()
   58. escape()
   59. eval()
   60. globalThis
   61. isFinite()
   62. isNaN()
   63. null
   64. parseFloat()
   65. parseInt()
   66. undefined
   67. unescape()
   68. uneval()
9. 表达式 & 运算符

   1. Addition (+)
   2. Addition assignment (+=)
   3. Assignment (=)
   4. Bitwise AND (&)
   5. Bitwise AND assignment (&=)
   6. Bitwise NOT (~)
   7. Bitwise OR (|)
   8. Bitwise OR assignment (|=)
   9. Bitwise XOR (^)
   10. Bitwise XOR assignment (^=)
   11. Comma operator (,)
   12. 条件 (三元) 运算符
   13. Decrement (--)
   14. Destructuring assignment
   15. Division (/)
   16. Division assignment (/=)
   17. Equality (==)
   18. Exponentiation (**)
   19. Exponentiation assignment (**=)
   20. 函数表达式
   21. Greater than (>)
   22. Greater than or equal (>=)
   23. Grouping operator ( )
   24. Increment (++)
   25. Inequality (!=)
   26. Left shift (<<)
   27. Left shift assignment (<<=)
   28. Less than (<)
   29. Less than or equal (<=)
   30. Logical AND (&&)
   31. Logical AND assignment (&&=)
   32. Logical NOT (!)
   33. Logical OR (||)
   34. Logical OR assignment (||=)
   35. Logical nullish assignment (??=)
   36. Multiplication (*)
   37. Multiplication assignment (*=)
   38. Nullish coalescing operator (??)
   39. 对象初始化器
   40. 运算符优先级
   41. Optional chaining (?.)
   42. Pipeline operator (|>)
   43. 特性访问器
   44. Remainder (%)
   45. Remainder assignment (%=)
   46. Right shift (>>)
   47. Right shift assignment (>>=)
   48. Spread syntax (...)
   49. Strict equality (===)
   50. Strict inequality (!==)
   51. Subtraction (-)
   52. Subtraction assignment (-=)
   53. Unary negation (-)
   54. Unary plus (+)
   55. Unsigned right shift (>>>)
   56. Unsigned right shift assignment (>>>=)
   57. 异步函数表达式
   58. await
   59. class expression
   60. delete operator
   61. function* 表达式
   62. in operator
   63. instanceof
   64. new operator
   65. new.target
   66. super
   67. this
   68. typeof
   69. void 运算符
   70. yield
   71. yield*
10. 语句 & 声明

    1. async function
    2. block
    3. break
    4. class
    5. const
    6. continue
    7. debugger
    8. do...while
    9. empty
    10. export
    11. for
    12. for await...of
    13. for...in
    14. for...of
    15. 函数声明
    16. function*
    17. if...else
    18. import
    19. import.meta
    20. label
    21. let
    22. return
    23. switch
    24. throw
    25. try...catch
    26. var
    27. while
    28. with
11. 函数

    1. 箭头函数表达式
    2. 默认参数
    3. 方法定义
    4. 其余参数
    5. 自变量对象
    6. getter
    7. setter
12. 类

    1. Private class fields
    2. Public class fields
    3. 构造函数
    4. extends
    5. static
13. 错误

    1. Error: Permission denied to access property "x"
    2. InternalError: too much recursion
    3. RangeError: argument is not a valid code point
    4. RangeError: invalid array length
    5. RangeError: invalid date
    6. RangeError: precision is out of range
    7. RangeError: radix must be an integer
    8. RangeError: repeat count must be less than infinity
    9. RangeError: repeat count must be non-negative
    10. ReferenceError: "x" is not defined
    11. ReferenceError: assignment to undeclared variable "x"
    12. ReferenceError: can't access lexical declaration`X' before initialization
    13. ReferenceError: deprecated caller or arguments usage
    14. ReferenceError: invalid assignment left-hand side
    15. ReferenceError: reference to undefined property "x"
    16. SyntaxError: "0"-prefixed octal literals and octal escape seq. are deprecated
    17. SyntaxError: "use strict" not allowed in function with non-simple parameters
    18. SyntaxError: "x" is a reserved identifier
    19. SyntaxError: JSON.parse: bad parsing
    20. SyntaxError: Malformed formal parameter
    21. SyntaxError: Unexpected token
    22. SyntaxError: Using //@ to indicate sourceURL pragmas is deprecated. Use //# instead
    23. SyntaxError: a declaration in the head of a for-of loop can't have an initializer
    24. SyntaxError: applying the 'delete' operator to an unqualified name is deprecated
    25. SyntaxError: for-in loop head declarations may not have initializers
    26. SyntaxError: function statement requires a name
    27. SyntaxError: identifier starts immediately after numeric literal
    28. SyntaxError: illegal character
    29. SyntaxError: invalid regular expression flag "x"
    30. SyntaxError: missing ) after argument list
    31. SyntaxError: missing ) after condition
    32. SyntaxError: missing : after property id
    33. SyntaxError: missing ; before statement
    34. SyntaxError: missing = in const declaration
    35. SyntaxError: missing ] after element list
    36. SyntaxError: missing formal parameter
    37. SyntaxError: missing name after . operator
    38. SyntaxError: missing variable name
    39. SyntaxError: missing } after function body
    40. SyntaxError: missing } after property list
    41. SyntaxError: redeclaration of formal parameter "x"
    42. SyntaxError: return not in function
    43. SyntaxError: test for equality (==) mistyped as assignment (=)?
    44. SyntaxError: unterminated string literal
    45. TypeError: "x" has no properties
    46. TypeError: "x" is (not) "y"
    47. TypeError: "x" is not a constructor
    48. TypeError: "x" is not a function
    49. TypeError: "x" is not a non-null object
    50. TypeError: "x" is read-only
    51. TypeError: 'x' is not iterable
    52. TypeError: More arguments needed
    53. TypeError: Reduce of empty array with no initial value
    54. TypeError: X.prototype.y called on incompatible type
    55. TypeError: can't access dead object
    56. TypeError: can't access property "x" of "y"
    57. TypeError: can't assign to property "x" on "y": not an object
    58. TypeError: can't define property "x": "obj" is not extensible
    59. TypeError: can't delete non-configurable array element
    60. TypeError: can't redefine non-configurable property "x"
    61. TypeError: cannot use 'in' operator to search for 'x' in 'y'
    62. TypeError: cyclic object value
    63. TypeError: invalid 'instanceof' operand 'x'
    64. TypeError: invalid Array.prototype.sort argument
    65. TypeError: invalid arguments
    66. TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x"
    67. TypeError: property "x" is non-configurable and can't be deleted
    68. TypeError: setting getter-only property "x"
    69. TypeError: variable "x" redeclares argument
    70. URIError: malformed URI sequence
    71. Warning: -file- is being assigned a //# sourceMappingURL, but already has one
    72. Warning: 08/09 is not a legal ECMA-262 octal constant
    73. Warning: Date.prototype.toLocaleFormat is deprecated
    74. Warning: JavaScript 1.6's for-each-in loops are deprecated
    75. Warning: String.x is deprecated; use String.prototype.x instead
    76. Warning: expression closures are deprecated
    77. Warning: unreachable code after return statement
14. 杂项

    1. JavaScript 技术概述
    2. 词法语法
    3. JavaScript 数据结构
    4. Enumerability and ownership of properties
    5. Iteration protocols
    6. 严格模式
    7. 过渡到严格模式
    8. 模板文字
    9. 弃用特征