Object.assign() | JavaScript

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句法
描述
Polyfill
范例
规范
浏览器兼容性
另请参阅
相关话题

Object.assign() method copies all enumerable own properties from one or more source objects 到 target object . It returns the target object.

The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request.

句法

Object.assign(target, ...sources)

参数

target
sources

返回值

The target object.

描述

Properties in the target object are overwritten by properties in the sources if they have the same key . Later sources' properties overwrite earlier ones.

Object.assign() method only copies enumerable and own properties from a source object to a target object. It uses [[Get]] on the source and [[Set]] on the target, so it will invoke getters and setters . Therefore it assigns properties, versus copying or defining new properties. This may make it unsuitable for merging new properties into a prototype if the merge sources contain getters.

For copying property definitions (including their enumerability) into prototypes, use Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor() and Object.defineProperty() 代替。

Both String and Symbol properties are copied.

In case of an error, for example if a property is non-writable, a TypeError is raised, and the target object is changed if any properties are added before the error is raised.

注意： Object.assign() does not throw on null or undefined sources.

Polyfill

This polyfill doesn't support symbol properties, since ES5 doesn't have symbols anyway:

if (typeof Object.assign !== 'function') {
  // Must be writable: true, enumerable: false, configurable: true
  Object.defineProperty(Object, "assign", {
    value: function assign(target, varArgs) { // .length of function is 2
      'use strict';
      if (target === null || target === undefined) {
        throw new TypeError('Cannot convert undefined or null to object');
      }
      var to = Object(target);
      for (var index = 1; index < arguments.length; index++) {
        var nextSource = arguments[index];
        if (nextSource !== null && nextSource !== undefined) {
          for (var nextKey in nextSource) {
            // Avoid bugs when hasOwnProperty is shadowed
            if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(nextSource, nextKey)) {
              to[nextKey] = nextSource[nextKey];
            }
          }
        }
      }
      return to;
    },
    writable: true,
    configurable: true
  });
}

范例

Cloning an object

const obj = { a: 1 };
const copy = Object.assign({}, obj);
console.log(copy); // { a: 1 }

Warning for Deep Clone

For deep cloning, we need to use alternatives, because Object.assign() copies property values.

If the source value is a reference to an object, it only copies the reference value.

function test() {
  'use strict';
  let obj1 = { a: 0 , b: { c: 0}};
  let obj2 = Object.assign({}, obj1);
  console.log(JSON.stringify(obj2)); // { "a": 0, "b": { "c": 0}}
  obj1.a = 1;
  console.log(JSON.stringify(obj1)); // { "a": 1, "b": { "c": 0}}
  console.log(JSON.stringify(obj2)); // { "a": 0, "b": { "c": 0}}
  obj2.a = 2;
  console.log(JSON.stringify(obj1)); // { "a": 1, "b": { "c": 0}}
  console.log(JSON.stringify(obj2)); // { "a": 2, "b": { "c": 0}}
  obj2.b.c = 3;
  console.log(JSON.stringify(obj1)); // { "a": 1, "b": { "c": 3}}
  console.log(JSON.stringify(obj2)); // { "a": 2, "b": { "c": 3}}
  // Deep Clone
  obj1 = { a: 0 , b: { c: 0}};
  let obj3 = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj1));
  obj1.a = 4;
  obj1.b.c = 4;
  console.log(JSON.stringify(obj3)); // { "a": 0, "b": { "c": 0}}
}
test();

Merging objects

const o1 = { a: 1 };
const o2 = { b: 2 };
const o3 = { c: 3 };
const obj = Object.assign(o1, o2, o3);
console.log(obj); // { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }
console.log(o1);  // { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }, target object itself is changed.

Merging objects with same properties

const o1 = { a: 1, b: 1, c: 1 };
const o2 = { b: 2, c: 2 };
const o3 = { c: 3 };
const obj = Object.assign({}, o1, o2, o3);
console.log(obj); // { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }

The properties are overwritten by other objects that have the same properties later in the parameters order.

Copying symbol-typed properties

const o1 = { a: 1 };
const o2 = { [Symbol('foo')]: 2 };
const obj = Object.assign({}, o1, o2);
console.log(obj); // { a : 1, [Symbol("foo")]: 2 } (cf. bug 1207182 on Firefox)
Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(obj); // [Symbol(foo)]

Properties on the prototype chain and non-enumerable properties cannot be copied

const obj = Object.create({ foo: 1 }, { // foo is on obj's prototype chain.
  bar: {
    value: 2  // bar is a non-enumerable property.
  },
  baz: {
    value: 3,
    enumerable: true  // baz is an own enumerable property.
  }
});
const copy = Object.assign({}, obj);
console.log(copy); // { baz: 3 }

Primitives will be wrapped to objects

const v1 = 'abc';
const v2 = true;
const v3 = 10;
const v4 = Symbol('foo');
const obj = Object.assign({}, v1, null, v2, undefined, v3, v4);
// Primitives will be wrapped, null and undefined will be ignored.
// Note, only string wrappers can have own enumerable properties.
console.log(obj); // { "0": "a", "1": "b", "2": "c" }

Exceptions will interrupt the ongoing copying task

const target = Object.defineProperty({}, 'foo', {
  value: 1,
  writable: false
}); // target.foo is a read-only property
Object.assign(target, { bar: 2 }, { foo2: 3, foo: 3, foo3: 3 }, { baz: 4 });
// TypeError: "foo" is read-only
// The Exception is thrown when assigning target.foo
console.log(target.bar);  // 2, the first source was copied successfully.
console.log(target.foo2); // 3, the first property of the second source was copied successfully.
console.log(target.foo);  // 1, exception is thrown here.
console.log(target.foo3); // undefined, assign method has finished, foo3 will not be copied.
console.log(target.baz);  // undefined, the third source will not be copied either.

Copying accessors

const obj = {
  foo: 1,
  get bar() {
    return 2;
  }
};
let copy = Object.assign({}, obj);
console.log(copy);
// { foo: 1, bar: 2 }
// The value of copy.bar is obj.bar's getter's return value.
// This is an assign function that copies full descriptors
function completeAssign(target, ...sources) {
  sources.forEach(source => {
    let descriptors = Object.keys(source).reduce((descriptors, key) => {
      descriptors[key] = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key);
      return descriptors;
    }, {});
    // By default, Object.assign copies enumerable Symbols, too
    Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source).forEach(sym => {
      let descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, sym);
      if (descriptor.enumerable) {
        descriptors[sym] = descriptor;
      }
    });
    Object.defineProperties(target, descriptors);
  });
  return target;
}
copy = completeAssign({}, obj);
console.log(copy);
// { foo:1, get bar() { return 2 } }

规范

规范
ECMAScript (ECMA-262) The definition of 'Object.assign' in that specification.

浏览器兼容性

The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request. 更新 GitHub 上的兼容性数据

	Desktop						Mobile						Server
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	Android webview	Chrome for Android	Firefox for Android	Opera for Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet	Node.js
`assign`	Chrome 45	Edge 12	Firefox 34	IE No	Opera 32	Safari 9	WebView Android 45	Chrome Android 45	Firefox Android 34	Opera Android 32	Safari iOS 9	Samsung Internet Android 5.0	nodejs 4.0.0

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句法

参数

返回值

描述