<input>
elements of
type="date"
create input fields that let the user enter a date, either with a textbox that validates the input or a special date picker interface.
The resulting value includes the year, month, and day, but not the time. The time and datetime-local input types support time and date+time input.
The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request.
The input UI generally varies from browser to browser; see
浏览器兼容性
for further details. In unsupported browsers, the control degrades gracefully to
<input type="text">
.
Among browsers with custom interfaces for selecting dates are Chrome and Opera, whose data control looks like so:
The Edge date control looks like:
And the Firefox date control looks like this:
| 值 |
A
DOMString
representing a date in YYYY-MM-DD format, or empty
|
| 事件 |
change
and
input
|
| Supported common attributes |
autocomplete
,
list
,
readonly
，和
step
|
| IDL attributes |
list
,
value
,
valueAsDate
,
valueAsNumber
.
|
| 方法 |
select()
,
stepDown()
,
stepUp()
|
A
DOMString
representing the date entered in the input. The date is formatted according to ISO8601, described in
Format of a valid date string
in
用于 HTML 的日期和时间格式
.
You can set a default value for the input with a date inside the
value
attribute, like so:
<input type="date" value="2017-06-01">
The displayed date format will differ from the actual
value
— the displayed date is formatted
based on the locale of the user's browser
, but the parsed
value
is always formatted
yyyy-mm-dd
.
You can get and set the date value in JavaScript with the input element's
value
and
valueAsNumber
properties. For example:
var dateControl = document.querySelector('input[type="date"]');
dateControl.value = '2017-06-01';
console.log(dateControl.value); // prints "2017-06-01"
console.log(dateControl.valueAsNumber); // prints 1496275200000, a JavaScript timestamp (ms)
This code finds the first
<input>
element whose
type
is
date
, and sets its value to
2017-06-01
(June 1
st
, 2017). It then reads that value back in string and number formats.
Along with the attributes common to all
<input>
elements,
date
inputs have the following attributes:
| 属性 | 描述 |
|---|---|
max
|
The latest acceptable date |
min
|
The earliest acceptable date |
step
|
stepping interval , when clicking up and down spinner buttons and validating the date |
max
The latest date to accept. If the
value
entered into the element occurs afterward, the element fails
constraint validation
. If the value of the
max
attribute isn't a possible date string in the format
yyyy-mm-dd
, then the element has no maximum date value.
If both the
max
and
min
attributes are set, this value must be a date string
later than or equal to
the one in the
min
属性。
min
The earliest date to accept. If the
value
entered into the element occurs beforehand, the element fails
constraint validation
. If the value of the
min
attribute isn't a possible date string in the format
yyyy-mm-dd
, then the element has no minimum date value.
If both the
max
and
min
attributes are set, this value must be a date string
earlier than or equal to
the one in the
max
属性。
step
step
attribute is a number that specifies the granularity that the value must adhere to, or the special value
any
, which is described below. Only values which are equal to the basis for stepping (
min
if specified,
value
otherwise, and an appropriate default value if neither of those is provided) are valid.
A string value of
any
means that no stepping is implied, and any value is allowed (barring other constraints, such as
min
and
max
).
注意： When the data entered by the user doesn't adhere to the stepping configuration, the 用户代理 may round to the nearest valid value, preferring numbers in the positive direction when there are two equally close options.
For
date
inputs, the value of
step
is given in days; and is treated as a number of milliseconds equal to 86,400,000 times the
step
value (the underlying numeric value is in milliseconds). The default value of
step
is 1, indicating 1 day.
Specifying
any
as the value for
step
has the same effect as
1
for
date
inputs.
Date inputs sound convenient — they provide an easy interface for choosing dates, and they normalize the data format sent to the server regardless of the user's locale. However, there are currently issues with
<input type="date">
because of its limited browser support.
In this section, we'll look at basic and then more complex uses of
<input type="date">
, and offer advice on mitigating the browser support issue later (see
Handling browser support
).
Hopefully, over time browser support will become ubiquitous, and this problem will fade away.
The simplest use of
<input type="date">
involves one
<input>
combined with its
<label>
, as seen below:
<form action="https://example.com">
<label>
Enter your birthday:
<input type="date" name="bday">
</label>
<p><button>Submit</button></p>
</form>
This HTML submits the entered date under the key
bday
to
https://example.com
— resulting in a URL like
https://example.com/?bday=1955-06-08
.
可以使用
min
and
max
attributes to restrict the dates that can be chosen by the user. In the following example, we set a minimum date of
2017-04-01
and a maximum date of
2017-04-30
:
<form>
<label for="party">Choose your preferred party date:
<input type="date" name="party" min="2017-04-01" max="2017-04-30">
</label>
</form>
The result is that only days in April 2017 can be selected — the month and year parts of the textbox will be uneditable, and dates outside April 2017 can't be selected in tte picker widget.
注意
: You
should
be able to use the
step
attribute to vary the number of days jumped each time the date is incremented (e.g. to only make Saturdays selectable). However, this does not seem to be in any implementation at the time of writing.
<input type="date">
doesn't support form sizing attributes such as
size
. Prefer
CSS
for sizing it.
默认情况下，
<input type="date">
doesn't validate the entered value beyond its format. The interfaces generally don't let you enter anything that isn't a date — which is helpful — but you can leave the field empty or enter an invalid date in browsers where the input falls back to type
text
(like the 32nd of April).
若使用
min
and
max
to restrict the available dates (see
Setting maximum and minimum dates
), supporting browsers will display an error if you try to submit a date that is out of bounds. However, you'll need to double-check the submitted results to ensure the value is within these dates, if the date picker isn't fully supported on the user's device.
还可以使用
required
attribute to make filling in the date mandatory — an error will be displayed if you try to submit an empty date field. This should work in most browsers, even if they fall back to a text input.
Let's look at an example of minimum and maximum dates, and also made a field required:
<form>
<label>
Choose your preferred party date (required, April 1st to 20th):
<input type="date" name="party" min="2017-04-01" max="2017-04-20" required>
<span class="validity"></span>
</label>
<p>
<button>Submit</button>
</p>
</form>
If you try to submit the form with an incomplete date (or with a date outside the set bounds), the browser displays an error. Try playing with the example now:
Here's a screenshot for those of you who aren't using a supporting browser:
Here's the CSS used in the above example. We make use of the
:valid
and
:invalid
pseudo-elements
to add an icon next to the input, based on whether or not the current value is valid. We had to put the icon on a
<span>
next to the input, not on the input itself, because in Chrome at least the input's generated content is placed inside the form control, and can't be styled or shown effectively.
label {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
span::after {
padding-left: 5px;
}
input:invalid + span::after {
content: '✖';
}
input:valid+span::after {
content: '✓';
}
重要 : Client-side form validation is no substitute for validating on the server. It's easy for someone to modify the HTML, or bypass your HTML entirely and submit the data directly to your server. If your server fails to validate the received data, disaster could strike with data that is badly-formatted, too large, of the wrong type, etc.
As mentioned, the major problem with date inputs at the time of writing is browser support . As an example, the date picker on Firefox for Android looks like this:
Unsupporting browsers gracefully degrade to a text input, but this creates problems in consistency of user interface (the presented controls are different) and data handling.
The second problem is the more serious one; with date input supported, the value is normalized to the format
yyyy-mm-dd
. But with a text input, the browser has no recognition of what format the date should be in, and there are many different formats in which people write dates. For example:
ddmmyyyy
dd/mm/yyyy
mm/dd/yyyy
dd-mm-yyyy
mm-dd-yyyy
Month dd, yyyy
One way around this is the
pattern
attribute on your date input. Even though the date picker doesn't use it, the text input fallback will. For example, try viewing the following in a unsupporting browser:
<form>
<label for="bday">Enter your birthday:
<input type="date" name="bday" required pattern="\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}">
<span class="validity"></span>
</label>
<p>
<button>Submit</button>
</p>
</form>
If you submit it, you'll see that the browser displays an error and highlights the input as invalid if your entry doesn't match the pattern
####-##-##
(在哪里
#
is a digit from 0 to 9). Of course, this doesn't stop people from entering invalid dates, or incorrect formats. So we still have a problem.
span {
position: relative;
}
span::after {
right: -18px;
position: absolute;
}
input:invalid + span::after {
content: '✖';
}
input:valid + span::after {
content: '✓';
}
At the moment, the best way to deal with dates in forms in a cross-browser way is to have the user enter the day, month, and year in separate controls, or to use a JavaScript library such as jQuery date picker .
In this example, we create 2 sets of UI elements for choosing dates: a native
<input type="date">
picker and a set of 3
<select>
elements for older browsers that don't support the native date input.
The HTML looks like so:
<form> <div class="nativeDatePicker"> <label for="bday">Enter your birthday:</label> <input type="date" id="bday" name="bday"> <span class="validity"></span> </div> <p class="fallbackLabel">Enter your birthday:</p> <div class="fallbackDatePicker"> <span> <label for="day">Day:</label> <select id="day" name="day"> </select> </span> <span> <label for="month">Month:</label> <select id="month" name="month"> <option selected>January</option> <option>February</option> <option>March</option> <option>April</option> <option>May</option> <option>June</option> <option>July</option> <option>August</option> <option>September</option> <option>October</option> <option>November</option> <option>December</option> </select> </span> <span> <label for="year">Year:</label> <select id="year" name="year"> </select> </span> </div> </form>
The months are hardcoded (as they are always the same), while the day and year values are dynamically generated depending on the currently selected month and year, and the current year (see the code comments below for detailed explanations of how these functions work.)
span {
padding-left: 5px;
}
input:invalid + span::after {
content: '✖';
}
input:valid + span::after {
content: '✓';
}
The other part of the code that may be of interest is the feature detection code — to detect whether the browser supports
<input type="date">
.
We create a new
<input>
element, try setting its
type
to
date
, then immediately check what its type is — unsupporting browsers will return
text
, because the
date
type falls back to type
text
。若
<input type="date">
isn't supported, we hide the native picker and show the fallback (
<select>
) 代替。
// define variables
var nativePicker = document.querySelector('.nativeDatePicker');
var fallbackPicker = document.querySelector('.fallbackDatePicker');
var fallbackLabel = document.querySelector('.fallbackLabel');
var yearSelect = document.querySelector('#year');
var monthSelect = document.querySelector('#month');
var daySelect = document.querySelector('#day');
// hide fallback initially
fallbackPicker.style.display = 'none';
fallbackLabel.style.display = 'none';
// test whether a new date input falls back to a text input or not
var test = document.createElement('input');
try {
test.type = 'date';
} catch (e) {
console.log(e.description);
}
// if it does, run the code inside the if() {} block
if(test.type === 'text') {
// hide the native picker and show the fallback
nativePicker.style.display = 'none';
fallbackPicker.style.display = 'block';
fallbackLabel.style.display = 'block';
// populate the days and years dynamically
// (the months are always the same, therefore hardcoded)
populateDays(monthSelect.value);
populateYears();
}
function populateDays(month) {
// delete the current set of <option> elements out of the
// day <select>, ready for the next set to be injected
while(daySelect.firstChild){
daySelect.removeChild(daySelect.firstChild);
}
// Create variable to hold new number of days to inject
var dayNum;
// 31 or 30 days?
if(month === 'January' | month === 'March' | month === 'May' | month === 'July' | month === 'August' | month === 'October' | month === 'December') {
dayNum = 31;
} else if(month === 'April' | month === 'June' | month === 'September' | month === 'November') {
dayNum = 30;
} else {
// If month is February, calculate whether it is a leap year or not
var year = yearSelect.value;
var isLeap = new Date(year, 1, 29).getMonth() == 1;
isLeap ? dayNum = 29 : dayNum = 28;
}
// inject the right number of new <option> elements into the day <select>
for(i = 1; i <= dayNum; i++) {
var option = document.createElement('option');
option.textContent = i;
daySelect.appendChild(option);
}
// if previous day has already been set, set daySelect's value
// to that day, to avoid the day jumping back to 1 when you
// change the year
if(previousDay) {
daySelect.value = previousDay;
// If the previous day was set to a high number, say 31, and then
// you chose a month with less total days in it (e.g. February),
// this part of the code ensures that the highest day available
// is selected, rather than showing a blank daySelect
if(daySelect.value === "") {
daySelect.value = previousDay - 1;
}
if(daySelect.value === "") {
daySelect.value = previousDay - 2;
}
if(daySelect.value === "") {
daySelect.value = previousDay - 3;
}
}
}
function populateYears() {
// get this year as a number
var date = new Date();
var year = date.getFullYear();
// Make this year, and the 100 years before it available in the year <select>
for(var i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
var option = document.createElement('option');
option.textContent = year-i;
yearSelect.appendChild(option);
}
}
// when the month or year <select> values are changed, rerun populateDays()
// in case the change affected the number of available days
yearSelect.onchange = function() {
populateDays(monthSelect.value);
}
monthSelect.onchange = function() {
populateDays(monthSelect.value);
}
//preserve day selection
var previousDay;
// update what day has been set to previously
// see end of populateDays() for usage
daySelect.onchange = function() {
previousDay = daySelect.value;
}
注意 : Remember that some years have 53 weeks in them (see Weeks per year )! You'll need to take this into consideration when developing production apps.
| 规范 | 状态 | 注释 |
|---|---|---|
|
HTML 实时标准
The definition of '<input type="date">' in that specification. |
实时标准 | |
|
HTML5
The definition of '<input type="date">' in that specification. |
推荐 |
| 桌面 | 移动 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
type="date"
|
Chrome 完整支持 20 | Edge 完整支持 12 | Firefox 完整支持 57 | IE 不支持 No | Opera 完整支持 11 |
Safari
不支持
No
注意事项
|
WebView Android 完整支持 Yes | Chrome Android 完整支持 Yes | Firefox Android 完整支持 57 | Opera Android 完整支持 11 | Safari iOS 完整支持 5 | Samsung Internet Android 完整支持 Yes |
完整支持
不支持
见实现注意事项。
<input>
element and the interface used to manipulate it,
HTMLInputElement
<button>
<datalist>
<fieldset>
<form>
<input>
<label>
<legend>
<meter>
<optgroup>
<option>
<output>
<progress>
<select>
<textarea>
<input>
类型
<input type="button">
<input type="checkbox">
<input type="color">
<input type="date">
<input type="datetime">
<input type="datetime-local">
<input type="email">
<input type="file">
<input type="hidden">
<input type="image">
<input type="month">
<input type="number">
<input type="password">
<input type="radio">
<input type="range">
<input type="reset">
<input type="search">
<input type="submit">
<input type="tel">
<input type="text">
<input type="time">
<input type="url">
<input type="week">