Common questions

This section of the Learning Area is designed to provide answers to common questions that may come up, which are not necessarily part of the structured core learning pathways (e.g. the HTML or CSS learning articles.) These articles are designed to work on their own.

Web mechanics

This section covers questions relating to general knowledge of the web ecosystem and how it works.

How does the Internet work?

Internet is the backbone of the web, the technical infrastructure that makes the web possible. At its most basic, the Internet is a massive network of computers communicating with each other. This article discusses how it works, in broad terms.

What is the difference between webpage, website, web server, and search engine?

In this article we describe various web-related concepts: webpages, websites, web servers, and search engines. These terms are often a source of confusion for newcomers to the web, or are used incorrectly. Let's discover what they actually mean!

What are hyperlinks?

In this article, we'll go over what hyperlinks are and why they matter.

What is a URL?

采用 Hypertext and HTTP , URL is a key concept when it comes to the Internet. It is the mechanism used by 浏览器 to retrieve any published resource on the web.

What is a domain name?

Domain names are a key component of the Internet infrastructure. They provide a human-readable address for any web server available on the Internet.

What is a web server?

The term "web server" can refer to the hardware or software that serves websites to clients across the web — or both of them working together. In this article we go over how web servers work, and why they're important.

Tools and setup

Questions related to the tools/software you can use to build websites.

What software do I need to build a website?

In this article we explain which software components you need to edit, upload, or view a website.

How much does it cost to do something on the web?

When you're launching a website, you may spend nothing or your costs may go through the roof. In this article we discuss how much everything costs and what you get for what you pay (or don't pay).

What text editors are available?

In this article we highlight some things to think about when choosing and installing a text editor for web development.

What are browser developer tools?

Every browser features a set of devtools for debugging HTML, CSS, and other web code. This article explains how to use the basic functions of your browser's devtools.

How do you make sure your website works properly?

So you've published your website online — very good! But are you sure it works properly? This article provides some basic troubleshooting steps.

How do you set up a local testing server?

This article explains how to set up a simple local testing server on your machine, and the basics of how to use it.

How do you upload files to a web server?

This article shows how to publish your site online with FTP tools — one of the most common ways to get a website online so others can access it from their computers.

How do I use GitHub Pages?

This article provides a basic guide to publishing content using GitHub's gh-pages feature.

How do you host your website on Google App Engine?

Looking for a place to host your website? Here's a step-by-step guide to hosting your website on Google App Engine.

What tools are available to debug and improve website performance?

This set of articles shows you how to use the Developer Tools in Firefox to debug and improve performance of your website, using the tools to check memory usage, the JavaScript call tree, the number of DOM nodes being rendered, and more.

Design and accessibility

This section lists questions related to aesthetics, page structure, accessibility techniques, etc.

How do I start to design my website?

This article covers the all-important first step of every project: define what you want to accomplish with it.

What do common web layouts contain?

When designing pages for your website, it's good to have an idea of the most common layouts. This article runs through some typical web layouts, looking at the parts that make up each one.

What is accessibility?

This article introduces the basic concepts behind web accessibility.

How can we design for all types of users?

This article provides basic techniques to help you design websites for any kind of user — quick accessibility wins, and other such things.

What HTML features promote accessibility?

This article describes specific features of HTML that can be used to make a webpage more accessible to people with different disabilities.

HTML, CSS and JavaScript questions

For common solutions to HTML/CSS/JavaScript problems, try the following articles:

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  1. Complete beginners start here!
  2. Web 快速入门
    1. Getting started with the Web overview
    2. 安装基本软件
    3. What will your website look like?
    4. 处理文件
    5. HTML 基础
    6. CSS 基础
    7. JavaScript 基础
    8. 发布您的网站
    9. How the Web works
  3. HTML — Structuring the Web
  4. HTML 介绍
    1. Introduction to HTML overview
    2. Getting started with HTML
    3. What's in the head? Metadata in HTML
    4. HTML text fundamentals
    5. Creating hyperlinks
    6. Advanced text formatting
    7. Document and website structure
    8. Debugging HTML
    9. Assessment: Marking up a letter
    10. Assessment: Structuring a page of content
  5. 多媒体和嵌入
    1. Multimedia and embedding overview
    2. Images in HTML
    3. Video and audio content
    4. From object to iframe — other embedding technologies
    5. Adding vector graphics to the Web
    6. Responsive images
    7. Assessment: Mozilla splash page
  6. HTML 表格
    1. HTML tables overview
    2. HTML table basics
    3. HTML Table advanced features and accessibility
    4. Assessment: Structuring planet data
  7. CSS — Styling the Web
  8. CSS 第一步
    1. CSS first steps overview
    2. What is CSS?
    3. Getting started with CSS
    4. How CSS is structured
    5. How CSS works
    6. Using your new knowledge
  9. CSS 构建块
    1. CSS building blocks overview
    2. Cascade and inheritance
    3. CSS 选择器
    4. The box model
    5. Backgrounds and borders
    6. Handling different text directions
    7. Overflowing content
    8. Values and units
    9. Sizing items in CSS
    10. Images, media, and form elements
    11. Styling tables
    12. Debugging CSS
    13. Organizing your CSS
  10. 样式化文本
    1. Styling text overview
    2. Fundamental text and font styling
    3. Styling lists
    4. Styling links
    5. Web fonts
    6. Assessment: Typesetting a community school homepage
  11. CSS 布局
    1. CSS layout overview
    2. Introduction to CSS layout
    3. Normal Flow
    4. Flexbox
    5. Grids
    6. Floats
    7. 位置
    8. Multiple-column Layout
    9. Responsive design
    10. Beginner's guide to media queries
    11. Legacy Layout Methods
    12. Supporting Older Browsers
    13. Fundamental Layout Comprehension
  12. JavaScript — Dynamic client-side scripting
  13. JavaScript 第一步
    1. JavaScript first steps overview
    2. What is JavaScript?
    3. A first splash into JavaScript
    4. What went wrong? Troubleshooting JavaScript
    5. Storing the information you need — Variables
    6. Basic math in JavaScript — Numbers and operators
    7. Handling text — Strings in JavaScript
    8. Useful string methods
    9. 数组
    10. Assessment: Silly story generator
  14. JavaScript 构建块
    1. JavaScript building blocks overview
    2. Making decisions in your code — Conditionals
    3. Looping code
    4. Functions — Reusable blocks of code
    5. Build your own function
    6. Function return values
    7. 事件介绍
    8. Assessment: Image gallery
  15. 引入 JavaScript 对象
    1. Introducing JavaScript objects overview
    2. Object basics
    3. 对象原型
    4. Object-oriented programming concepts
    5. Classes in JavaScript
    6. Working with JSON data
    7. Object building practice
    8. Assessment: Adding features to our bouncing balls demo
  16. 异步 JavaScript
    1. Asynchronous JavaScript overview
    2. General asynchronous programming concepts
    3. Introducing asynchronous JavaScript
    4. Cooperative asynchronous Java​Script: Timeouts and intervals
    5. Graceful asynchronous programming with Promises
    6. Making asynchronous programming easier with async and await
    7. Choosing the right approach
  17. 客户端侧 Web API
    1. 客户端侧 Web API
    2. Introduction to web APIs
    3. Manipulating documents
    4. Fetching data from the server
    5. Third party APIs
    6. Drawing graphics
    7. Video and audio APIs
    8. Client-side storage
  18. Web forms — Working with user data
  19. Core forms learning pathway
    1. Web forms overview
    2. Your first form
    3. How to structure a web form
    4. Basic native form controls
    5. The HTML5 input types
    6. Other form controls
    7. Styling web forms
    8. Advanced form styling
    9. UI pseudo-classes
    10. Client-side form validation
    11. Sending form data
  20. Advanced forms articles
    1. How to build custom form controls
    2. Sending forms through JavaScript
    3. CSS property compatibility table for form controls
  21. Accessibility — Make the web usable by everyone
  22. Accessibility guides
    1. Accessibility overview
    2. What is accessibility?
    3. HTML: A good basis for accessibility
    4. CSS and JavaScript accessibility best practices
    5. WAI-ARIA basics
    6. Accessible multimedia
    7. Mobile accessibility
  23. Accessibility assessment
    1. Assessment: Accessibility troubleshooting
  24. Tools and testing
  25. Client-side web development tools
    1. Client-side web development tools index
    2. Client-side tooling overview
    3. Command line crash course
    4. Package management basics
    5. Introducing a complete toolchain
    6. Deploying our app
  26. Introduction to client-side frameworks
    1. Client-side frameworks overview
    2. Framework main features
  27. React
    1. Getting started with React
    2. Beginning our React todo list
    3. Componentizing our React app
    4. React interactivity: Events and state
    5. React interactivity: Editing, filtering, conditional rendering
    6. Accessibility in React
    7. React resources
  28. Ember
    1. Getting started with Ember
    2. Ember app structure and componentization
    3. Ember interactivity: Events, classes and state
    4. Ember Interactivity: Footer functionality, conditional rendering
    5. Routing in Ember
    6. Ember resources and troubleshooting
  29. Vue
    1. Getting started with Vue
    2. Creating our first Vue component
    3. Rendering a list of Vue components
    4. Adding a new todo form: Vue events, methods, and models
    5. Styling Vue components with CSS
    6. Using Vue computed properties
    7. Vue conditional rendering: editing existing todos
    8. Focus management with Vue refs
    9. Vue resources
  30. Svelte
    1. Getting started with Svelte
    2. Starting our Svelte Todo list app
    3. Dynamic behavior in Svelte: working with variables and props
    4. Componentizing our Svelte app
    5. Advanced Svelte: Reactivity, lifecycle, accessibility
    6. Working with Svelte stores
    7. TypeScript support in Svelte
    8. Deployment and next steps
  31. Angular
    1. Getting started with Angular
    2. Beginning our Angular todo list app
    3. Styling our Angular app
    4. Creating an item component
    5. Filtering our to-do items
    6. Building Angular applications and further resources
  32. Git and GitHub
    1. Git and GitHub overview
    2. Hello World
    3. Git Handbook
    4. Forking Projects
    5. About pull requests
    6. Mastering Issues
  33. Cross browser testing
    1. Cross browser testing overview
    2. Introduction to cross browser testing
    3. Strategies for carrying out testing
    4. Handling common HTML and CSS problems
    5. Handling common JavaScript problems
    6. Handling common accessibility problems
    7. Implementing feature detection
    8. Introduction to automated testing
    9. Setting up your own test automation environment
  34. Server-side website programming
  35. 第一步
    1. First steps overview
    2. Introduction to the server-side
    3. Client-Server overview
    4. Server-side web frameworks
    5. Website security
  36. Django Web 框架 (Python)
    1. Django web framework (Python) overview
    2. 介绍
    3. 设置开发环境
    4. Tutorial: The Local Library website
    5. Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website
    6. Tutorial Part 3: Using models
    7. Tutorial Part 4: Django admin site
    8. Tutorial Part 5: Creating our home page
    9. Tutorial Part 6: Generic list and detail views
    10. Tutorial Part 7: Sessions framework
    11. Tutorial Part 8: User authentication and permissions
    12. Tutorial Part 9: Working with forms
    13. Tutorial Part 10: Testing a Django web application
    14. Tutorial Part 11: Deploying Django to production
    15. Web application security
    16. Assessment: DIY mini blog
  37. Express Web Framework (node.js/JavaScript)
    1. Express Web Framework (Node.js/JavaScript) overview
    2. Express/Node introduction
    3. Setting up a Node (Express) development environment
    4. Express tutorial: The Local Library website
    5. Express Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website
    6. Express Tutorial Part 3: Using a database (with Mongoose)
    7. Express Tutorial Part 4: Routes and controllers
    8. Express Tutorial Part 5: Displaying library data
    9. Express Tutorial Part 6: Working with forms
    10. Express Tutorial Part 7: Deploying to production
  38. Further resources
  39. Common questions
    1. HTML questions
    2. CSS questions
    3. JavaScript questions
    4. Web mechanics
    5. Tools and setup
    6. Design and accessibility