All developers will use some kind of version control system ( VCS ), a tool to allow them to collaborate with other developers on a project without the danger of them overwriting each other's work, and roll back to previous versions of the code base if a problem is discovered later on. The most popular VCS (at least among web developers) is Git , along with GitHub , a site that provides hosting for your repositories and several tools for working with them. This module aims to teach you what you need to know about both of them.
VCSes are essential for software development:
myCode.js
,
myCode_v2.js
,
myCode_v3.js
,
myCode_final.js
,
myCode_really_really_final.js
, etc., but this is really error-prone and unreliable.
VCSes provide tools to meet the above needs. Git is an example of a VCS, and GitHub is a web site + infrastructure that provides a Git server plus a number of really useful tools for working with git repositories individually or in teams, such as reporting issues with the code, reviewing tools, project management features such as assigning tasks and task statuses, and more.
注意： Git is actually a distributed version control system, meaning that a complete copy of the repository containing the codebase is made on your computer (and everyone else's). You make changes to your own copy and then push those changes back up to the server, where an administrator will decide whether to merge your changes with the master copy.
We have put together a course that includes all the essential information you need to work towards your goal.
To use Git and GitHub, you need:
In terms of prerequisite knowledge, you don't need to know anything about web development, Git/GitHub, or VCSes to start this module. However, it is recommended that you know some coding so that you have reasonable computer literacy, and some code to store in your repositories!
It is also preferable that you have some basic terminal knowledge, so for example moving between directories, creating files, and modifying the system
PATH
.
注意： Github is not the only site/toolset you can use with Git. There are other alternatives such as GitLab that you could try, and you could also try setting your own Git server up and using it instead of GitHub. We've only stuck with GitHub in this course to provide a single way that works.
Note that the links below take you to resources on external sites. Eventually, we are aiming to have our own dedicated Git/GitHub course, but for now, these will help you get to grips with the subject at hand.
This is a good place to start — this practical guide gets you to jump right into using GitHub, learning the basics of Git such as creating repositories and branches, making commits, and opening and merging pull requests.
This Git Handbook goes into a little more depth, explaining what a VCS is, what a repository is, how the basic GitHub model works, Git commands and examples, and more.
Forking projects is essential when you want to contribute to someone else's code. This guide explains how.
A useful guide to managing pull requests, the way that your suggested code changes are delivered to people's repositories for consideration.
Issues are like a forum for your GitHub project, where people can ask questions and report problems, and you can manage updates (for example assigning people to fix issues, clarifying the issue, letting people know things are fixed). This article tells you what you need to know about issues.
注意： There is a lot more that you can do with Git and GitHub, but we feel that the above represents the minimum you need to know to start using Git effectively. As you get deeper into Git, you'll start to realize that it is easy to go wrong when you start using more complicated commands. Don't worry, even professional web developers find Git confusing sometimes, and often solve problems by searching for solutions on the web, or consulting sites like Flight rules for Git and Dangit, git!
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