HTML5
is designed with extensibility in mind for data that should be associated with a particular element but need not have any defined meaning.
data-*
属性
allow us to store extra information on standard, semantic HTML elements without other hacks such as non-standard attributes, or extra properties on DOM.
The syntax is simple. Any attribute on any element whose attribute name starts with
data-
is a data attribute. Say you have an article and you want to store some extra information that doesn't have any visual representation. Just use
data
attributes for that:
<article
id="electric-cars"
data-columns="3"
data-index-number="12314"
data-parent="cars">
...
</article>
Reading the values of these attributes out in
JavaScript
is also very simple. You could use
getAttribute()
with their full HTML name to read them, but the standard defines a simpler way: a
DOMStringMap
you can read out via a
dataset
特性。
To get a
data
attribute through the
dataset
object, get the property by the part of the attribute name after
data-
(note that dashes are converted to camelCase).
const article = document.querySelector('#electric-cars');
// The following would also work:
// const article = document.getElementById("electric-cars")
article.dataset.columns // "3"
article.dataset.indexNumber // "12314"
article.dataset.parent // "cars"
Each property is a string and can be read and written. In the above case setting
article.dataset.columns = 5
would change that attribute to
"5"
.
Note that, as data attributes are plain HTML attributes, you can even access them from
CSS
. For example to show the parent data on the article you can use
generated content
in CSS with the
attr()
函数：
article::before {
content: attr(data-parent);
}
还可以使用 attribute selectors in CSS to change styles according to the data:
article[data-columns='3'] {
width: 400px;
}
article[data-columns='4'] {
width: 600px;
}
You can see all this working together in this JSBin example .
Data attributes can also be stored to contain information that is constantly changing, like scores in a game. Using the CSS selectors and JavaScript access here this allows you to build some nifty effects without having to write your own display routines. See this screencast for an example using generated content and CSS transitions ( JSBin example ).
Data values are strings. Number values must be quoted in the selector for the styling to take effect.
Do not store content that should be visible and accessible in data attributes, because assistive technology may not access them. In addition, search crawlers may not index data attributes' values.
The main issues to consider are Internet Explorer support and performance. Internet Explorer 11+ provides support for the standard, but all earlier versions
do not support
dataset
. To support IE 10 and under you need to access data attributes with
getAttribute()
instead. Also, the
performance of reading data-attributes
compared to storing this data in a regular JS object is poor.
That said, though, for custom element-associated metadata, they are a great solution.
In Firefox 49.0.2 (and perhaps earlier/later versions), the data attributes that exceed 1022 characters will not be read by Javascript (EcmaScript 4).
SVGElement.dataset
and
data-*
了解更多信息。
最后修改： , 由 MDN 贡献者