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• 参考
• 指南和教程
• 资源
• 规范
• 浏览器兼容性
• 另请参阅
• 相关话题

WebGL (Web Graphics Library) is a JavaScript API for rendering high-performance interactive 3D and 2D graphics within any compatible web browser without the use of plug-ins. WebGL does so by introducing an API that closely conforms to OpenGL ES 2.0 that can be used in HTML5 <canvas> 元素。 This conformance makes it possible for the API to take advantage of hardware graphics acceleration provided by the user's device.

Support for WebGL is present in Firefox 4+, Google Chrome 9+, Opera 12+, Safari 5.1+, Internet Explorer 11+, and Microsoft Edge build 10240+; however, the user's device must also have hardware that supports these features.

WebGL 2 API introduces support for much of the OpenGL ES 3.0 feature set; it's provided through the WebGL2RenderingContext 接口。

<canvas> element is also used by the 画布 API to do 2D graphics on web pages.

参考

Standard interfaces

• WebGLRenderingContext
• WebGL2RenderingContext
• WebGLActiveInfo
• WebGLBuffer
• WebGLContextEvent
• WebGLFramebuffer
• WebGLProgram
• WebGLQuery
• WebGLRenderbuffer
• WebGLSampler
• WebGLShader
• WebGLShaderPrecisionFormat
• WebGLSync
• WebGLTexture
• WebGLTransformFeedback
• WebGLUniformLocation
• WebGLVertexArrayObject

扩展名

• ANGLE_instanced_arrays
• EXT_blend_minmax
• EXT_color_buffer_float
• EXT_color_buffer_half_float
• EXT_disjoint_timer_query
• EXT_float_blend
• EXT_frag_depth
• EXT_sRGB
• EXT_shader_texture_lod
• EXT_texture_compression_bptc
• EXT_texture_compression_rgtc
• EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic
• KHR_parallel_shader_compile
• OES_element_index_uint
• OES_fbo_render_mipmap
• OES_standard_derivatives
• OES_texture_float
• OES_texture_float_linear
• OES_texture_half_float
• OES_texture_half_float_linear
• OES_vertex_array_object
• OVR_multiview2
• WEBGL_color_buffer_float
• WEBGL_compressed_texture_astc
• WEBGL_compressed_texture_atc
• WEBGL_compressed_texture_etc
• WEBGL_compressed_texture_etc1
• WEBGL_compressed_texture_pvrtc
• WEBGL_compressed_texture_s3tc
• WEBGL_compressed_texture_s3tc_srgb
• WEBGL_debug_renderer_info
• WEBGL_debug_shaders
• WEBGL_depth_texture
• WEBGL_draw_buffers
• WEBGL_lose_context

事件

• webglcontextlost
• webglcontextrestored
• webglcontextcreationerror

Constants and types

• WebGL constants
• WebGL types

WebGL 2

WebGL 2 is a major update to WebGL which is provided through the WebGL2RenderingContext interface. It is based on OpenGL ES 3.0 and new features include:

• 3D textures ,
• Sampler objects ,
• Uniform Buffer objects ,
• Sync objects ,
• Query objects ,
• Transform Feedback objects ,
• Promoted extensions that are now core to WebGL 2: Vertex Array objects , instancing , multiple render targets , fragment depth .

See also the blog post "WebGL 2 lands in Firefox" and webglsamples.org/WebGL2Samples for a few demos.

指南和教程

Below, you'll find an assortment of guides to help you learn WebGL concepts and tutorials that offer step-by-step lessons and examples.

指南

Data in WebGL

A guide to variables, buffers, and other types of data used when writing WebGL code.

WebGL best practices

Tips and suggestions to help you improve the quality, performance, and reliability of your WebGL content.

Using extensions

A guide to using WebGL extensions.

教程

WebGL 教程

A beginner's guide to WebGL core concepts. A good place to start if you don't have previous WebGL experience.

范例

A basic 2D WebGL animation example

This example demonstrates the simple animation of a one-color shape. Topics examined are adapting to aspect ratio differences, a function to build shader programs from sets of multiple shaders, and the basics of drawing in WebGL.

WebGL by example

A series of live samples with short explanations that showcase WebGL concepts and capabilities. The examples are sorted according to topic and level of difficulty, covering the WebGL rendering context, shader programming, textures, geometry, user interaction, and more.

Advanced tutorials

WebGL model view projection

A detailed explanation of the three core matrices that are typically used to represent a 3D object view: the model, view and projection matrices.

Matrix math for the web

A useful guide to how 3D transform matrices work, and can be used on the web — both for WebGL calculations and in CSS3 transforms.

资源

• Raw WebGL: An introduction to WebGL A talk by Nick Desaulniers that introduces the basics of WebGL. This is a great place to start if you've never done low-level graphics programming.
• Khronos WebGL site The main web site for WebGL at the Khronos Group.
• WebGL Fundamentals A basic tutorial with fundamentals of WebGL.
• WebGL playground An online tool for creating and sharing WebGL projects. Good for quick prototyping and experimenting.
• WebGL Academy An HTML/JavaScript editor with tutorials to learn basics of webgl programming.
• WebGL Stats A site with statistics about WebGL capabilities in browsers on different platforms.

库

• glMatrix is a JavaScript matrix and vector library for high-performance WebGL apps.
• PhiloGL is a WebGL framework for data visualization, creative coding, and game development.
• Pixi.js is a fast, open-source 2D WebGL renderer.
• PlayCanvas is an open-source game engine.
• Sylvester is an open-source library for manipulating vectors and matrices. Not optimized for WebGL but extremely robust.
• three.js is an open-source, fully featured 3D WebGL library.
• Phaser is a fast, free and fun open source framework for Canvas and WebGL powered browser games.
• RedGL is an open-source 3D WebGL library.
• vtk.js is a JavaScript library for scientific visualization in your browser.

规范

规范	状态	注释
OpenGL ES 3.0	标准
OpenGL ES 2.0	标准
WebGL 2.0	编者草案	Builds on top of WebGL 1. Based on OpenGL ES 3.0.
WebGL 1.0	推荐	Initial definition. Based on OpenGL ES 2.0

浏览器兼容性

WebGL 1

The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request. 更新 GitHub 上的兼容性数据

	桌面						移动
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	Android webview	Chrome for Android	Firefox for Android	Opera for Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet
WebGLRenderingContext	Chrome 9	Edge 12 注意事项 12 注意事项 To access the WebGL context, use experimental-webgl rather than the standard webgl 标识符。	Firefox 4	IE 11 注意事项 11 注意事项 To access the WebGL context, use experimental-webgl rather than the standard webgl 标识符。	Opera 12	Safari 5.1	WebView Android Yes	Chrome Android 25	Firefox Android Yes	Opera Android 12	Safari iOS 8	Samsung Internet Android 1.5

图例

完整支持

完整支持

见实现注意事项。

WebGL 2

The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request. 更新 GitHub 上的兼容性数据

	桌面						移动
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	Android webview	Chrome for Android	Firefox for Android	Opera for Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet
WebGL2RenderingContext	Chrome 56	Edge 79	Firefox 51	IE 不支持 No	Opera 43	Safari 不支持 No	WebView Android 58	Chrome Android 58	Firefox Android 51	Opera Android 43	Safari iOS 不支持 No	Samsung Internet Android 7.0

图例

完整支持

完整支持

不支持

不支持

Compatibility notes

In addition to the browser, the GPU itself also needs to support the feature. So, for example, S3 Texture Compression (S3TC) is only available on Tegra-based tablets. Most browsers make the WebGL context available through the webgl context name, but older ones need experimental-webgl as well. In addition, the upcoming WebGL 2 is fully backwards-compatible and will have the context name webgl2 .

Gecko notes

WebGL debugging and testing

Starting with Gecko 10.0 (Firefox 10.0 / Thunderbird 10.0 / SeaMonkey 2.7), there are two preferences available which let you control the capabilities of WebGL for testing purposes:

webgl.min_capability_mode

A Boolean property that, when true , enables a minimum capability mode. When in this mode, WebGL is configured to only support the bare minimum feature set and capabilities required by the WebGL specification. This lets you ensure that your WebGL code will work on any device or browser, regardless of their capabilities. This is false 在默认情况下。

webgl.disable_extensions

A Boolean property that, when true , disables all WebGL extensions. This is false 在默认情况下。

另请参阅

• 画布 API
• Compatibility info about WebGL extensions

元数据

• 最后修改： Aug 7, 2020

相关话题

1. WebGL API
2. WebGL 教程

   1. Getting started with WebGL
   2. Adding 2D content to a WebGL context
   3. Using shaders to apply color in WebGL
   4. Animating objects with WebGL
   5. Creating 3D objects using WebGL
   6. Using textures in WebGL
   7. Lighting in WebGL
   8. Animating textures in WebGL
3. Examples and articles

   1. Matrix math for the web
   2. WebGL model view projection
   3. WebGL best practices
   4. 使用 WebGL 扩展
   5. A basic 2D WebGL animation example
   6. WebGL by example
4. 接口

   1. WebGLRenderingContext
   2. WebGL2RenderingContext
   3. WebGLActiveInfo
   4. WebGLBuffer
   5. WebGLContextEvent
   6. WebGLFramebuffer
   7. WebGLProgram
   8. WebGLQuery
   9. WebGLRenderbuffer
   10. WebGLSampler
   11. WebGLShader
   12. WebGLShaderPrecisionFormat
   13. WebGLSync
   14. WebGLTexture
   15. WebGLTransformFeedback
   16. WebGLUniformLocation
   17. WebGLVertexArrayObject
5. 文档编制：
6. 有用清单

   1. Pages tagged "WebGL"
7. 贡献

   1. WebGL doc status
   2. MDN 工程